מעילה עיר הנדחת כתותי מכתת שיעוריה. Continuation of the. A discussion about. Whether or not. And again how this ראש השנה דף כח.

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1 בס"ד A Intro A Today we will בע"ה learn דף כח of ראש השנה,מסכת which discusses several well-known Sugyas of Shas. Some of the topics we will learn about today include: Continuation of the תקיעת שופר various laws of A continuation of the various laws of Tekias Shofar A discussion about the topic of מצוות לאו ליהנות ניתנו - and how it תקיעת שופר applies specifically to A discussion about מצוות לאו ליהנות ניתנו תקיעת שופר And how it applies to B A discussion of whether or not צריכות כוונה,מצוות and again how.תקיעת שופר this applies specifically to B Some of the key topics and concepts that we will learn about include: מעילה בהמ"ק Misappropriation of property belonging to the בהמ"ק is brought by anyone who uses אשם מעילות קרבן A property for personal benefit. Whether or not מצוות צריכות כוונה And again how this תקיעת שופר applies to עיר הנדחת A city that was led astray, in which most inhabitants ע ז must be destroyed. Those that worshipped,ע ז worshipped must be killed, and the city and all their possessions burned, as stated in Parshas.ראה The righteous people who did not participate are not killed, but their possessions are also burned along with the rest of the city. מעילה עיר הנדחת כתותי מכתת שיעוריה C An item that is Halachically mandated to be burned, is considered as if it has already been burned and reduced to ashes, and it therefore no longer has the required.שיעור Therefore, this item cannot be used for any Mitzvah which has a minimum size requirement, as this item is considered as having no Shiur at all. מצוות לאו ליהנות ניתנו There is a מחלוקת in the Gemara whether one may use items which are אסור בהנאה for the purpose of performing a Mitzvah. According to the opinion that one may use הנאה,איסורי it is because performing a Mitzvah is not considered a benefit, but rather a burden and obligation placed upon us. The one exception, even according to this opinion, are items which were used for זרה,עבודה which are considered מאוס - repulsive before HaShem and not fit to use for any Mitzvah. C כתותי מכתת שיעוריה מצות לאו ליהנות ניתנו Rosh Hashana 28-1

2 D המודר הנאה refers to someone who may not benefit from another person either because A made a vow to not benefit from B - or that B made a vow forbidding A from benefitting from B. מי חטאת If a person or utensil becomes טמא by touching a dead body or being in the same room as a dead body, their purification process includes being sprinkled with חטאת,מי with is a mixture of the ashes of a אדומה,פרה and water drawn from a spring. D המודר הנאה מי חטאת מצוות צריכות כוונה E There is a Machlokes in the Gemara whether a person who performs a Mitzvah must have intent to fulfill the Mitzvah. According to the opinion that צריכות כוונה,מצוות one does not fulfill the Mitzvah without specific intent, while according to the opinion that אינן צריכות כוונה,מצוות one does fulfill the Mitzvah even without specific intent. E מצוות צריכות כוונה הזאות על המזבח Part of the process of sacrificing a קרבן in the Bais HaMikdash includes sprinkling the blood of the animal onto the Mizbeiach. Various קרבנות have different requisite amounts of sprinkling. For example, a Korban Pesach, Bechor or בהמה,מעשר all require אשם, Shlamim, one sprinkle on the Mizbaich, whereas a Korban Todah, all require blood to be sprinkled on all four קרבן and עולה sides of the Mizbaich. This is accomplished by sprinkling the blood once on the צפונית מזרחית corner of the mizbaich, and a second time on the דרומית מערבית corner of the,מזבח which שנים שהם spreads to the two sides of each corner, referred to as.ארבע מצוות אינן צריכות כוונה הזאות על המזבח Rosh Hashana 28-2

3 1 So let s review.. אמר רב יהודה בשופר של עולה לא יתקע ואם תקע יצא One may not use a shofar of a עולה,קרבן which, as Rashi explains, was removed while the animal was still alive..יוצא he was,בשוגג However, if he did use it However, בשופר של שלמים לא יתקע ואם תקע לא יצא.יוצא he is NOT,קרבן שלמים If one used a shofar of a Now, the reason both may not used,לכתחלה is simply because.אסור בהנאה all Kodshim are מאי טעמא the Gemara explains,בדיעבד Regarding the difference עולה בת מעילה היא A עולה,קרבן which is קדשים,קדשי is subject to the Halachos of one of which is,מעילה כיון דמעל בה נפקא לה לחולין Once he benefitted from it he is,מועל and that causes the Shofar.יוצא Therefore, he is.מותר and,חולין to become However, שלמים לאו בני מעילה נינהו As Rashi explains, a שלמים,קרבן which is קלים,קדשים is NOT subject to the Halachos of,מעילה and even though he used it, the shofar is NOT לחולין,יוצא and remains.אסור Therefore, he is NOT,יוצא because it is a הבאה בעבירה,מצוה a Mitzvah resulting from an Aveirah of benefitting from Kodshim. 1 אמר רב יהודה בשופר של עולה לא יתקע ואם תקע יצא בשופר של שלמים לא יתקע ואם תקע לא יצא רש"י Was removed while animal was still alive עולה בת מעילה היא ALL קדשימ are א ור בהנאה שלמים לאו בני מעילה נינהו The שופר is,יוצא לחולין NOT therefore, it is a כיון דמעל בה נפקא לה לחולין מצוה הבאה בעבירה 2 3 Rava challenges this by asking; אימת מעל לבתר דתקע כי קא תקע באיסורא תקע It is the act of using the Shofar which is מעילה and causes it to be only after he blew it, but יוצא לחולין Therefore, it is.יוצא לחולין while he blew the Shofar, it is still קודש and forbidden. If so, he?יוצא should not be Based on this Kasha, Rava disagrees with Rav Yehuda, and initially ruled; אחד זה ואחד זה לא יצא In both cases, whether he used a Shofar of a,שלמים or a Shofar.יוצא he is NOT,עולה of an 2 3 THIS; CHALLENGES רבא אימת מעל - לבתר דתקע כי קא תקע באיסורא תקע? The act of מעילה causes it to be it, only AFTER he blew יוצא לחולינ?יוצא if so, he should not be of a שופר שלמים,קשיא BASED ON THIS RULED; INITIALLY רבא אחד זה - ואחד זה לא יצא of a שופר עולה Rosh Hashana 28-3

4 4 5 6 However afterwards, Rava reversed his opinion and ruled; אחד זה ואחד זה יצא In both cases one IS יוצא the Mitzvah of Shofar, because מצות לאו ליהנות ניתנו Rashi explains; לא ליהנות ניתנו לישראל להיות קיומם להם הנאה אלא לעול על צואריהם ניתנו Mitzvos were not given to Bnai Yisrael for physical enjoyment or benefit, but as a burden and obligation. As such, performing a Mitzvah is not considered,הנאה and therefore one is יוצא with a.קרבן Shofar of any For the same reason - the Gemara continues; בשופר של ע"ז לא יתקע ואם תקע יצא One should not use a Shofar of,ע ז since it is בהנאה,אסור it is forbidden to derive any benefit from it. But if he did use a shofar of ע ז he is,יוצא because, מצוות לאו ליהנות ניתנו However, בשופר של עיר הנדחת לא יתקע ואם תקע לא יצא One may not use a Shofar of an עיר הנדחת - a town which,יוצא if he used it, he is NOT,בדיעבד - and even ע ז worshipped because of another issue, כתותי מיכתת שיעוריה Since, all the property of an עיר הנדחת must be burned, this Shofar is considered as if it has been burned and reduced to ashes, and it therefore no longer has the required שיעור of a Shofar. Based on the principle of לאו ליהנות ניתנו,מצוות Rava teaches several additional Halachos: המודר הנאה מחבירו מותר לתקוע לו תקיעה של מצוה Someone who may not benefit from another person - because of a נדר made by either one - may hear their שופר,תקיעת because it is not considered a.הנאה So too, המודר הנאה משופר מותר לתקוע בו תקיעה של מצוה Someone who made a נדר not to derive benefit from a שופר may.תקיעת שופר use it for 7 ואמר רבא המודר הנאה מחבירו מזה עליו מי חטאת בימות הגשמים אבל לא בימות החמה Someone who made a נדר not to derive benefit from another person may have that person sprinkle מי חטאת on him, because.מצוות לאו ליהנות ניתנו However, this is limited to the winter But he may not do so in the summer or warm weather, because, it is only the performance of the Mitzvah that is not considered a,הנאה but the.אסור which is הנאה cooling effect of the water IS a physical ========== HOWEVER מצות לאו ליהנות ניתנו,מצוות לאו ליהנות ניתנו BASED ON :הלכות TEACHES ADDITIONAL רבא המודר הנאה מחבירו מותר לתקוע לו תקיעה של מצוה המודר הנאה משופר מותר לתקוע בו תקיעה של מצוה FOR THE SAME REASON בשופר של אסור בהנאה עבודה זרה לא יתקע ואם תקע יצא בשופר של עיר הנדחת לא יתקע ואם תקע לא יצא כיתותי מיכתת שיעוריה כשרוף דמי HOWEVER, OPINION; REVERSED HIS רבא אחד זה - ואחד זה יצא מצות לאו ליהנות ניתנו לא ליהנות ניתנו לישראל להיות קיומם להם הנאה אלא לעול על צואריהם ניתנו ואמר רבא המודר הנאה מחבירו מזה עליו מי חטאת בימות הגשמים אבל לא בימות החמה The cooling effect of the water א ור which is הנאה IS a physical Rosh Hashana 28-4

5 8 The Gemara now proceeds to the Sugya of :מצוות צריכות כונה שלחו ליה לאבוה דשמואל כפאו ואכל מצה יצא שכפאוהו If one was forced to eat Matzah, as the Gemara explains for example, if non-jews forced him to eat Matzah, he,פרסיים.יוצא was אמר רבא זאת אומרת התוקע לשיר יצא If one blows a Shofar for the purpose of playing a tune, or practicing, he has fulfilled the Mitzvah of Shofar. אלמא קסבר רבא מצות אין צריכות כוונה We can deduce from Rava s statement that Rava is of the opinion that specific intent to fulfill the Mitzva is not required.יוצא in order to be The Gemara points out that from the first case of Matzah we might have thought that מצוות אין צריכות כוונה applies only to Mitzvos like מצה,אכילת because אכול מצה אמר רחמנא והא אכל He performed the Mitzvah as commanded. - מצוות צריכות כוונה we would say תקיעת שופר However, regarding that specific intent to fulfill the Mitzva IS required in order to be because,יוצא זכרון תרועה כתיב והאי מתעסק בעלמא הוא The Torah refers to it as a Remembrance of the Shofar sounds, which seems to require thought and intent. Shofar; Therefore, Rava taught that even in the case of קמ"ל מצוות אין צריכות כוונה 8 מצוות צריכות כונה שלחו ליה לאבוה דשמואל כפאו ואכל מצה יצא אמר רבא זאת אומרת התוקע לשיר שכפאוהויצא פרסיים HOWEVER אלמא קסבר רבא מצוות אין צריכות כוונה We might have thought אכילת מצה תקיעת שופר We would say מצוות צריכות כוונה ONLY מצוות LIKE אכול מצה אמר רחמנא והא אכל זכרונ תרועה כתיב והאי מתעסק בעלמא הוא קא משמע לן מצוות אין צריכות כוונה 9 The Gemara challenges Rava: איתיביה היה קורא בתורה והגיע זמן המקרא אם כוון לבו יצא The Mishna in Brachos teaches If someone was reading in the Torah, and came upon the portion of Krias Shma at the time of Krias Shma, and while reading he.יוצא had intent to fulfill the Mitzva of reciting Krias Shma, he is אם לאו לא יצא If he did not specifically have in mind to fulfill the Mitzva, he is.יוצא not This seems to imply that צריכות כונה,מצוות in contradiction to Rava s opinion. 9 אם כוון לבו יצא איתיביה היה קורא בתורה והגיע זמן המקרא אם לאו Did NOT have in mind to מצוה fulfill the לא יצא Had intent to מצוה fulfill the קריאת שמע of This seems to imply that מצוות צריכות כונה! Rosh Hashana 28-5

6 10 בקורא The Gemara answers that Rava can explain this Mishna as one who was proofreading the Sefer Torah, and not,להגיה reading it at all, and אם כוון לבו יצא means that he must pay attention to clearly enunciate every word, but it is not necessary.כוונה לצאת to have 10 בקורא להגיה,ספר תורה Was proofreading the and not reading it at all means; אמ כוונ לבו יצא He must pay attention to clearly enunciate every word כוונה לצאת But it s not necessary to have 11 The Gemara presents two more challenges from Braisos 11 regarding שופר,תקיעת but concedes that neither one is conclusive to refute the opinion of Rava. We do not need לצאת,כוונה but we do need לשמוע,כוונה to hear the - to קיום המצוה In other words, we do not need intent of.קול שופר מעשה fulfill the Mitzvah, but we do need intent to perform the Mitzvah. the act of the המצוה 12 Abaye continues to challenge Rava s opinion: 12 א"ל אביי אלא מעתה הישן בשמיני בסוכה ילקה If אין צריכות כונה,מצוות then conceivably one who slept in the Sukka on Shemini Atzeres, should receive Malkos for being adding an extra Mitzvah, because,בל תוסיף of איסור on the עובר the Mitzvah is fulfilled even without any intent. The גמרא presents more challenges regarding שופר,תקיעת but concedes neither one is conclusive רבא to refute the opinion of We DON T need כוונה לצאת We DON T need intent of In other words continues to אביי רבא challenge We DO need כוונה לשמוע We DO need intent of מעשה המצוה קיום המצוה א"ל אביי אלא מעתה הישן בשמיני בסוכה ילקה?,מצוות אינ צריכות כונה If,שמיני עצרת וכה on one who slept in the should receive מלקות for בל תו יפ on עובר being Rosh Hashana 28-6

7 13 Rava answers; 13 שאני אומר מצות אינו עובר עליהן אלא בזמנן One is עובר בל תוסיף only during the time of the Mitzvah. The gemara questions this from a case of ברכת כהנים and then קרבנות where blood of two different זריקת הדם from a case of were mixed together, which seem to contradict this view. ANSWERS; רבא שאני אומר מצות אינו עובר עליהן אלא בזמנן עובר בל תו יפ One is only מצוה DURING the time of the The גמרא questions this from זריקת הדם and a case of,ברכת כהנים a case of where blood קרבנות of 2 mixed together, which seem to contradict this view 14 After some discussion Rava offers another answer, and 14 clarifies: לצאת לא בעי כוונה One does not need כוונה to fulfill a Mitzva, as stated above. לעבור בזמנו לא בעי כוונה One also does not need כוונה to be עובר בל תוסיף during the time of the Mitzvah, as in the case of sprinkling the blood mixture, containing blood with different sprinkling requirements. שלא בזמנו בעי כוונה However, one DOES need כוונה to be עובר בל תוסיף after the time of the Mitzvah, as in the case of sleeping in the Sukka on Shmini Atzeres, when it is no longer the YomTov of Sukkos. AFTER SOME DISCUSSION ANSWER: OFFERS ANOTHER רבא לצאת לא בעי כוונה לעבור בזמנו שלא בזמנו עובר בל תו יפ To be after the time מצוה of a בעי כוונה As in sleeping,סוכה in the שמיני עצרת on עובר בל תו יפ To be during the time מצוה of a To fulfill מצוה a As in sprinkling the blood mixture, containing blood with different sprinkling requirements 15 The Gemara concludes this Sugya with אמר ליה ר' זירא לשמעיה איכוון ותקע לי As Rashi explains; תתכוין לתקוע בשמי להוציאני ידי חובתי R Zeira instructed his attendant to have כוונה to be מוציא R מצוות Zeira. Apparently, R Zeira disagrees with Rava, and holds However, R Zeira goes one step further, and adds.צריכות כוונה that משמיע בעי כוונה מוציא The one blowing the shofar must have specific intent to be the listener. 15 אמר ליה ר' זירא לשמעיה איכוון ותקע לי תתכוין לתקוע בשמי להוציאני ידי חובתי ר' זירא APPARENTLY, רבא DISAGREES WITH AND HOLDS מצוות צריכות כוונה This is actually מחלוקת תנאים a ר' זירא HOWEVER, GOES A STEP FURTHER AND ADDS משמיע בעי כוונה The one blowing שופר the must have intent מוציא to be Rosh Hashana 28-7

8 16 This is actually a תנאים,מחלוקת as the Gemara cites the following Braisa: שומע שומע לעצמו ומשמיע משמיע לפי דרכו The listener must have לצאת,כוונה but משמיע לא בעי כוונה The blower does not need to have in mind to be מוציא the listener. As long as he is blowing the Shofar to fulfill the יוצא is תקיעת שופר Mitzvah himself, whoever happens to hear his 16 אמר רבי יוסי בד"א בשליח צבור אבל ביחיד לא יצא עד שיתכוין שומע ומשמיע Rebbe Yossi holds that in a private situation משמיע בעי כוונה The blower must have כוונה to be מוציא the listeners. However, in public, his כוונה to be מוציא is not limited to those INSIDE the Shul, because his כוונה is to be מוציא ALL who are listening. Therefore, whoever happens to hear his שופר,תקיעת even.יוצא passersby OUTSIDE the Shul, is Even passerby OUTSIDE the shul יוצא is תנא קמא שומע שומע לעצמו Must have כוונה לצאת ומשמיע משמיע לפי דרכו ברייתא: אמר רבי יוסי בד"א בשליח צבור אבל ביחיד לא יצא עד שיתכוין שומע ומשמיע כוונה Doesn t need מוציא to be As long as he is שופר blowing the מצוה to fulfill the Rosh Hashana 28-8

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